Demographic Upheaval Finance & Development, March 2016, Vol. 53, No. 1. David E. Bloom. “The world will struggle with population growth, aging, migration, and urbanization.”

Humankind is being buffeted by the forces of demographic change. The most prominent changes are rapid population growth in some developing economies and shifting shares of adolescents and young adults in others, increasing longevity and population aging throughout the world, and urbanization and international migration. All pose formidable challenges—threatening economic growth, fiscal stability, environmental quality, and human security and welfare. But none are insurmountable. They will be best dealt with if public and private policymakers act decisively, collaboratively, and soon. That includes reform of retirement policy, development of global immigration policy, provision of contraception to many millions of women, and further improvements in child survival and treatment of chronic disease.”