“The survey, Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide – 2005 (110 pages PDF), was conducted by the E-Governance Institute of Rutgers University-Newark and the Global e-Policy e-Government Institute of the Graduate School of Governance, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea. It was co-sponsored by the United Nations Division of Public Administration and Development Management and the American Society for Public Administration. This research replicates a survey completed in 2003. The present survey evaluates the practice of digital governance in large municipalities worldwide in 2005. Both studies focused on the evaluation of current practices in government, and the emphasis of the research was on the evaluation of each website in terms of digital governance. Simply stated, digital governance includes both digital government (delivery of public service) and digital democracy (citizen participation in governance). Specifically, we analyzed security, usability, and content of websites, the type of online services currently being offered, and citizen response and participation through websites established by city governments.”