The Reversal of Fortunes: Trends in County Mortality and Cross-County Mortality Disparities in the United States, Majid Ezzati, Ari B. Friedman, Sandeep C. Kulkarni, Christopher J. L. Murray. Open access via Public Library of Science, PLoS Medicine, April 2008, Vol. 5, No. 4, e66 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050066.

• “There was a steady increase in mortality inequality across the US counties between 1983 and 1999, resulting from stagnation or increase in mortality among the worst-off segment of the population. Female mortality increased in a large number of counties, primarily because of chronic diseases related to smoking, overweight and obesity, and high blood pressure.”
• Related posting, CBO Issue Summary, Growing Disparities in Life Expectancy, April 17, 2008