CRS Insight – Tracking COVID-19 Vaccines: U.S. Data Systems and Related Issues, January 28, 2021: “The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, sponsored by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, and millions of vaccine doses are being distributed nationwide. Both vaccines require two doses,which are generally not interchangeable. Key to this effort, several existing and new data systems are in use to track, specifically,

• where the vaccines supply is:for example, whether vaccines are in a storage center or at a provider site, through the Vaccine Tracking System (VTrckS);
• who has received a vaccine: that is,recipients who have received one or both doses of which vaccine, through jurisdiction-based Immunization Information Systems (IIS); and
• if any new safety issues occur:several monitoring systems aim to identify new safety issues and inform public health recommendations or FDA actions…”