“Throughout our collaboration with the esteemed researchers at the Stockholm Resilience Centre and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, we have been privileged to contribute to the visualisation and communication of planetary boundaries over the years. Planetary Boundaries are a set of key concepts related to Earth’s capacity to maintain a stable and habitable environment for human life. These concepts are based on complex system science (CSS) and Earth system science (ESS), which study the interactions among various components of the Earth system. The planetary boundaries framework was first proposed in 2009 by a group of Earth system and environmental scientists led by Johan Rockström, then director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre. They identified nine critical processes that regulate the Earth’s stability and resilience. Here are the key concepts: Planetary Boundaries – These are the thresholds or limits beyond which significant, potentially irreversible changes to Earth’s ecosystems and the global environment could occur, endangering the planet’s habitability. Earth System Processes The planetary boundaries are associated with nine essential Earth system processes that help maintain the stability and resilience of the Earth system.” They are: Climate Change; Change in Biosphere Integrity; Modification of Biogeochemical Flows; Introduction of Novel Entities; Land System Change; Freshwater Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Ocean Acidification; Increase in Atmospheric Aerosol Loading.”