U.S. Office of Personnel Management Report – Governmentwide Strategy on Advancing Pay Equality in the Federal Government, April 2014

“Workforce Changes. We found that during the 20-year period from 1992 to 2012, the Federal Government workforce has undergone dramatic demographic changes. For example, there have been large shifts in the distribution of employees by occupational category and education level. Simultaneously, there have been significant shifts in the male-female distribution across occupations and education levels. In terms of general occupational category (Professional-2 Administrative-Technical-Clerical-Other or “PATCO”), there has been a large reduction in Clerical employees and a large increase in Administrative employees. The percentage of females in Professional jobs increased significantly. In terms of education level, the percentage of employees and the percentage of females with a Bachelor Degree or higher increased significantly.”

• “Over the study years (1992-2002-2012), the gender pay gap has dramatically shrunk from about 30 percent to 13 percent (for All White Collar) and to 11 percent (for GS only).”