Kaisernetwork.org: Decreasing Reimbursements for Outpatient Emergency Department Visits Across Payer Groups From 1996-2004, Annals of Emergency Medicine, November 2007: “The study finds that the share of emergency department charges paid was consistently lowest for Medicaid beneficiaries and the uninsured and was consistently the highest for visits by privately insured patients. The study also finds that declines in the proportion of payments to charges over the eight-year period tended to be greater among insured patients, and reimbursements declined the least for the uninsured.”