“Are gender pay gaps more prevalent in some industries than others? Are women in management paying a price for being mothers? Are families who depend on the wages of Management Moms being penalized? The U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee, chaired by Representative Carolyn B. Maloney, held a hearing, titled New Evidence on the Gender Pay Gap for Women and Mothers in Management, on September 28, 2010, to explore these questions. At the hearing, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) presented their findings of a comprehensive industry-by-industry assessment of wage differences between men and women managers. This report also, for the first time, takes an in-depth look at the impact of motherhood on the wage gap among managers and its impact on family incomes.” Related documents as follows:

• “In many countries of the world, traditions and social norms restrict women’s empowerment. The OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) offers a tool to measure these hidden instances of gender discrimination. Drawing on 12 innovative indicators, the index captures the underlying reasons for existing gender gaps. SIGI indicators are based on an in-depth assessment of the situation of women and men in 124 low- and middle income countries, 102 of which are ranked based on their performance in social institutions.”
• Targeting Inequity: The Gender Gap in U.S. Corporate Leadership, President and Chief Executive Officer, Catalyst, Inc.