“The Internet of Things (IoT) of digital, networked technology is quickly moving to the forefront of society, the global economy, and the human experience. The IoT sometimes refers to colossal, impersonal concepts like connecting electricity grids to the Internet for economic or environmental considerations. But the IoT can be intensely personal as well. In the world of healthcare, software engineers are weaving networked medical devices into the fabric of the IoT. These devices, which can be worn or even implanted inside the body, are used to medicate, treat diseases, and maintain general health and wellness. This report, a collaboration between Intel Security and Atlantic Council’s Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, explores security risks and opportunities that networked medical devices offer to society. It also provides recommendations for industry, regulators, and medical professionals to maximize value to patients while minimizing security risks arising from software, firmware, and communication technology across these devices. Individuals wear networked devices to learn more about themselves, their diet, their exercise regimen, and their vital signs. Doctors can adjust and optimize implanted medical devices, such as pacemakers, quickly and accurately— and often with no need for intrusive medical procedures. In hospitals, new devices network to provide more effective and less expensive monitoring and treatments. According to one estimate, these technologies could save $63 billion in healthcare costs over the next fifteen years, with a 15-30 percent reduction in hospital equipment costs.”