LawFare – Speculation about disinformation by users and the media can generate harmful political effects, amplifying existing biases. “…AI is about to significantly increase uncertainty in disinformation research, in an already highly uncertain field. Disinformation operations will be harder to identify, harder to map out, and harder to attribute. People have a tendency to interpret uncertainty in a way that affirms their biases, irrespective of evidence or the lack thereof. Similarly, the strong incentives for journalists and experts to brush over uncertainty and race to beat their competitors will remain the same. No one gets paid to say, “I don’t know” or “this isn’t a story.” There is a real risk that the consequence of these cumulative factors will be increasingly widespread misinformation about disinformation…”