“This essay addresses the following questions: Where does Pakistan belong in the evolving global nuclear order? Will it always be an outlier, unable to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) because it tested nuclear devices after the treaty entered into force, and will it always be excluded from the NPT’s ancillary bodies, such as the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)? Will Pakistan be forever penalized because of the illicit activities of A. Q. Khan and his proliferation network? Will Pakistan remain outside the nonproliferation “mainstream” despite its concerted efforts to quash the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan and other extremist groups, because it is viewed as an accomplice to still others that carry out acts of violence against India — acts that could escalate to the use of nuclear weapons? Or can Pakistan break from its past, change negative perceptions, and become a “normal” nuclear state — or at least as “normal” as India — one that is viewed as a responsible steward of its nuclear arsenal and a positive contributor to nonproliferation regimes? And what steps might Pakistani authorities consider to gain entry?”