DNI McConnell’s Foreign Affairs Article, “Overhauling Intelligence” (10 pages, PDF): “Before World War II, the United States’ defense, intelligence, and foreign policy apparatus were fragmented, as befitted a country with a limited role on the world state. With U.S. entry into the war, interagency collaboration developed out of crisis-driven necessity. Wartime arrangements, although successful, were ad hoc. And after the war, President Harry Truman and Congress realized that the United States could not meet its new responsibilities without a national security structure that ratinoalized decision-making and integrated the intelligence and military establishments.”