Loza de Siles, Emile, Artificial Intelligence Bias and Discrimination: Will We Pull the Arc of the Moral Universe Towards Justice? (December 1, 2021). Duquesne University School of Law Research Paper No. 2022-02, ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4002486 – “In 1968, the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. foresaw the inevitability of society’s eventual triumph over the deep racism of his time and the stain that continues to cast its destructive oppressive pall today. From the pulpit of the nation’s church, Dr King said, “We shall overcome because the arc of the moral universe is long but it bends toward justice”. More than 40 years later, Eric Holder, the first African American United States Attorney General, agreed, but only if people acting with conviction exert to pull that arc towards justice. With artificial intelligence (AI) bias and discrimination rampant, the need to pull the moral arc towards algorithmic justice is urgent. This article offers empowering clarity by conceptually bifurcating AI bias problems into AI bias engineering and organisational AI governance problems, revealing proven legal development pathways to protect against the corrosive harms of AI bias and discrimination.”