From Anti-vax Intentions to Vaccination: Panel and Experimental Evidence from Nine Countries. Vincenzo Galasso, Vincent Pons, Paola Profeta, Michael Becher, Sylvain Brouard, and Martial Foucault. NBER Working Paper No. 29741. February 2022. “Millions of people refuse COVID-19 vaccination. Using original data from two surveys in nine OECD countries, we analyze the determinants of anti-vax intentions in December 2020 and show that half of the anti-vax individuals were vaccinated by summer 2021. Vaccinations were more likely among individuals aged 50+, exposed to COVID-19, compliant with public restrictions, more informed on traditional media, trusting scientists, and less concerned about vaccines’ side effects. We run a survey experiment with informational messages. In EU countries, a message about protecting health largely increases vaccinations, even among anti-vax individuals. In the U.K. and U.S., a message about protecting the economy generates similar effects. Our findings suggest that informational campaigns should adopt adequate narratives and address concerns about vaccines’ side effects.”

See also via Vox: “The surprising role of altruism in converting vaccine skeptics. A new study tried to figure out which messages can actually break through to vaccine skeptics…”