‘Partial’ Information Awareness is an article published on January 9, 2003, authored by Wayne Crews, director of technology studies at the Cato Institute. He states: “It’s one thing to give up privacy for security if there’s no other choice. With TIA we may be sacrificing privacy for no security benefit at all. And potential unintended effects on e-commerce, and a raft of likely new mandates give all the more reason to reconsider.”